Prostate adenoma

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH or prostate adenoma) is a benign enlargement of the prostate gland.

The causes of prostate hyperplasia have not yet been established by science. At the same time, it is known that the factors influencing its enlargement are age and the level of male sex hormone (testosterone). With age, the prostate gland becomes more sensitive to the level of male sex hormone and grows faster.

Prostate adenoma most commonly occurs in men over 45 years of age, at which point the active growth of cells in the central part of the prostate begins. As it enlarges, the prostate compresses the urethra and partially blocks urine flow. Prostate adenoma is not always a threat to health and is not associated with the development of prostate cancer. However, in the absence of necessary timely treatment, overstretching of the bladder walls can occur, which may subsequently lead to chronic renal failure. The process can also lead to acute urinary retention when the adenoma completely compresses the urethra.

Symptoms of prostate adenoma:

• weak urine stream;
• prolonged waiting before the start of urination;
• interruptions during urination;
• straining during urination;
• frequent urination;
• urinary urges at night;
• feeling of incomplete bladder emptying.

Diagnosis of prostate adenoma:

• Prostate ultrasound
• Blood PSA
• Uroflowmetry
• Digital rectal examination

Treatment of prostate adenoma

The method of treating prostate hyperplasia depends on the patient’s condition. Surgical intervention is recommended if the disease progresses with conservative treatment or if the volume of residual urine remaining in the bladder after urination exceeds 50 ml.

— Bipolar transurethral resection (TUR);
— Bipolar enucleation of the prostate adenoma;
— Monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR).